Method and apparatus for hair waving



Oct. 13, 1931. c, MclNTlRE 1,827,434

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HAIR WAVING 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 5. 1929.

' ]7 lI/{' fiz ar Owls TIAN h, M f/v TIRE Oct. 13, 1931. c. H. MclNTlRE 1,827,434

METHOD AND APPARATf IS' FOR HAIR WAVING Filed April -5, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 13, 1931. c. H. M INTIRE 1,327,434

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HAIR WAVING Filed April 5. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 3' C/m/sr/AN f7! M /lv rms Oct, 13, 1931. c. H. M INTIRE METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HAIR WAVING Filed April 5. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 the scalp.

Patented Oct. 13, 1931 PATENT OFFICE CHRISTIAN H. MGINTIRE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS I METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HAIR WAITING- Application filed April 5,

My invention relates to a novel method of waving human hair and to a novel apparatus employed for carrying out the aforesaid method.

In hair waving it has been the practlce heretofore to employ several methods of treating the hair both before and during the waving operation. The underlying princlple of practically all hair Waving methods resides in applying heat to the hair while the latter is rolled or wound upon a s indle. The apparatus employed in the per ormance of this method utilizes a plurality of spindles, to receive the strands of hair, and heating elements are coactively assembled with these spindles in close proximity to the scalp. It frequently transpires, however, that heat sufficient to set the wave is too intense for the person operated on and either the scalp or the hair and sometimesboth, become scorched or burned.

In connection with the spindle and heating element there is a hair clamp or holder upon which said device is mounted during the application of the heat. This clamp or holder is somewhat bulky in construction and is provided with a pair of relatively movable arms or bars between which a strand of hair is placed and the clasp is then locked so that the device holds the strand of hair close to The construction of the clamp or holders or protectors heretofore used has been objectionable because of the fact that the first curve given to the strand of hair is spaced so far from the scalp that the initial or top curl given to the strand prevents the formation of a complete wave to the scalp. With the novel holder I have devised, and which is disclosed herein this inherent objection is completely overcome with the result that the waves, when the apparatus is removed from the strand, will extend to within a small fraction of an inch of the scalp.

By reason of thenovel method and appa ratuswhich I have employed, the liability of burning or scorching has been reduced to a minimum, and in order to do this the holder or hair clamp and the portion of the scalp and hair immediately adjacent thereto is subjected to a current of air which dissipates the 1929.. Serial No. 352,685.

radian andconductive heat in the immediate vicinity of the clamp so that the person whose hair is being waved is not subjected to the unpleasant heat nor tothe danger of being burned or scorched from the apparatus. The current of air may be increased or diminished according to the wishes of the customer. In the event steam should be generated and leak'through the clamp or protector this vapor will be dissipated by the action of the current of air.

My invention has numerous objects in view among which are the ease and readiness with which the apparatus may be operated; the compactness of the parts so that the apparatus does not occupy a large space and may be conveniently moved from place to place; the novel manner in which the parts are assembled which permit the apparatus to be manufactured and sold for a reasonable retail price; and the dependability with which my mvention may be practiced. I prefer to accomplish the aforesaid objects and to carry out my invention in substantially the manner hereinafter fully described and as more particularly pointed out in the claims, reference being herein made to the accompanying drawings that form a part of this specification.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical side elevation of the head or housing of the hair waving apparatus designed by me drawn partly in section and showing a single hair clamp and heating unit with its connections leading to the houslng.

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the broken line 2-2 of Fig. 1 and looking upwardly in the directed arrows.

Figure 3 is a top plan of one of the hair clamps detached and with the winding spindle or curler removed.

Figure 4 is a transverse section adjacent one end of the clamp, taken on line of Fig. 3 and drawn to an enlarged scale with the winding spindle or curler in position.

Figure 5 is a transverse section taken centrally of the clamp on line 5--5 of Fig. 3 and looking in the direction of the' arrows with the heating member shown in dotted lines with the curler in .postion on the clamp.

Elli broken away to disclose the interior Figure 6 is a view in perspective showing the winding spindle or curler in detail.

Figure 7 is a top plan showing the details of the heater member and drawn to an exaggerated scale.

Figure 8 is an inside longitudinal View of one of the leaves of the heater with portions arrangement.

Figure 9 is a transverse section taken cen trally through one of the leaves of the heater.

Figure 10 is an exaggerated sectional View of one of the leaves of the heater and taken longitudinally thereof on line 1010 of Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram or layout view of the wiring or system of circuits.

The drawings are to be understood as being schematic for the purpose of illustrating a typical or preferred. form in which my hair waving apparatus may be fabricated, and in said drawings the same reference characters have been employed to designate like parts wherever they appear throughout the several views.

In the drawings only one conductor lead, with a single wrapping spindle and its associated clamp or holder and heating shield or clip are shown, but it will be understood that a plurality of the said elements, are utilized in the assembly of the apparatus and in its operation :-lln other words the desired number of units are employed to wave all portions of the hair at a single operation or at one sitting.

Referring first to Fig. 1 it will be seen the canopy or head of the apparatus consists of a metal housing wall 10 that is of cylindrical contour throughout its upper portion and is somewhat bowl-shaped at its lower portion, and depending from this wall 10 is a coneshaped cap 11 through the bottom of which a plot light 12 protrudes, while extending over the top of the housing wall 10 is a circular slightly convexed cover 13 that has a central opening over which an open work cap or spider 14: is secured. An electric motor 15 of the desire power is secured. to the canopy and extends above the cap or spider 14 and its shaft 16 projects down into the canopy or housing in the manner shown. Trunnions 17 project from opposite sides of the holder to receive the lower ends of a supporting yoke 18 through the medium of which holder the canopy may be supported pendently from a suitable bracket or other support.

Within the housing or canopy formed by the elements 10, 1], and 13 I have provided an air chamber consisting of a flat disk-like lower plate 19 the periphery of which is formed with an oblique upwardly extending flange 20 and coacting with the upper portion of this flange is a somewhat spherically shaped hood 21 which at its upper central nearest.

portion is provided with an aperture for the passage of the motor spindle 16.

A blower or fan is carried on the end of the spindle and consists of a hub 22 from which a plurality of radially disposed fan blades 23 project that are suitablyshaped to create a current of air when the fan is ro tated, and the lower edges of the blades are connected to a circular dish 24 that is preferably joined integrally to the blades and hub and performs the function bf a balancewheel or the like when the fan is being rotated. The oblique flange 20 of the air chamber walls is provided with a plurality of out let ports or stubs 25 to which the adjacent ends of flexible hoses or air tubes 26 are con nected so that the current of air created within the air chamber is distributed radially therefrom into the hose or tubes 26, the pur pose of which will hereinafter more fully appear. F or convenience, a single hose or tube 26 is shown it being understood there is a tube leading from each port 25. T he operation of the fan is controlled by means of snap-switcl1es 92, 93, and 94 upon the cover 13 of the canopy, or housing so that the air current may be controlled as desired, and a snap-switch 27 controls the current through circuit wires 1 and z to the distributor plates hereinafter described.

The tube 26 enters a woven cable- 28 in which the conductors 29 and 30 are also enclosed, which cable leads through one of the insulated apertures 31 in the housing wall in the mannershown in Figure 1. The cable 28 also surrounds a ground wire 32 that is suitably attached to the air pipe on the heater in order to ground the current in the event of an accident to the conductor wires and thus prevent shocking the person under treatment.

In order to separate these strands of hair and to provide a mounting for the hairwaving spindle I use a clamp to hold each strand of hair and one of these clamps is illustrated in detail in Figures'3, 4, and 5. The clamp shown, consists of an end bracket 33 to which a pair of movable clamping members are hingedly or pivotly connected, and one of these members comprises a metal strip 34 bent substantially U-shape in cross section and having laterally disposed oppositely extending flanges 35 at the ends of its parallel portions. This formation provides a channel in which a tubular rubber pad 36 is inserted so that a longitudinal portion of the pad protrudes out of the channel, and upon its underside this U-shaped member has a block or strip 37 of cork or other insulating material secured to it. The other member of the clamp consists of a stri 38 of insulating material such as bakelite fiber or cork, to the under-surface of which latter there is secured a metal strip 39 having a downturned longitudinal flange 40 extending away from the insulation piece and also an I block or. strip 42 of cork or the like is secured i the outer edge to the outer face of the strip 39 and is of such thickness that its outer surface is in the same plane as the corresponding portion of the cork strip 37 of the other clamp member. The longitudinal edge of the upturned flange 41 is curved into an arc 1n cross-section as seen in Figure 5 to provide a somewhat tubular air-passage 43 that is open or slotted upon its underside so as to discharge air downwardly against the scalp of the person. The diameter of the tubular air-passage is such that the portion of the periphery farthest awayfrom the flange 41 will, when the members of the clamp are brought together and locked, press against the protruding portion of the tubular rubber pad 36 and compress it in the manner shown with the strand of hair interposed between these. parts.

The ends of the clamping members are maintained-in their closed position by means of the metal loop or end-gate 44 that is shown in Figs. 3 and 5 and is of U-shape in outline and has its ends mounted upon the insulation piece 38 by means of a pivot pin 45. This loop is provided with an upstanding ear 46;

of which is bifurcated or recessed to provide a bearing 47 for the angularly shaped reduced end or trunnion 48 of the winding spindle. The bracket 33 is similarly provided with an upstanding ear 49 that has its upper edge bifurcated or recessed to receive the smooth reduced end or trunnion 50 on the opposite end of the spindle. Alongside this ear-49 there is anirregularly shaped spring 51 that is secured to and arises from the bracket 33 and is provided with a reverse bend 52 so that its free end 53 points in a somewhat downward direction and the bend 52 provides a ready grasp for movlng the spring.

metal piece 54 that is as seen in Figure 6 and it v is provided upon its outer surface nearest trunnion 50 with longitudinal knurls or serra- The spindle comprises a round elongated tapered from. its ends toward the. center tions 55 so that when the spindle is mounted in its bearings in the ears 46 and 49-the serrations and the end 53 of the spring will perform in the manner of a pawl and ratchet. A clip arm or retainer'56 of concavo-convex cross-section has one end bifurcated and is mounted by means of a pin 57 upon the end of the spindle opposite the serrations 55. The clip-arm has its under'surface formed similar to the shape of the spindle 54 with which,

it cooperates and its freeend is provided with an inwardly turned tang 58 that enters a depression 59 in the adjacent portion of the spindle when the clip arm is closed down against the spindle body. v

' In usmg clampthe latteris opened and the selected '43 so that the current of air the spindle and the retainer or strand of hair of the desired size is placed bestrand around the spindle will maintain the clip-arm closed and after the strand of the hair has been wound up to the location of the clamp or retainer the spindle is placed in its bearings in the ears 46 and 49 with the spring pawl member in engagement with the serrations 55. A small handle or wrench is applied to the angular trunnion 48 and the winding is continued until the hair has been drawn taut against the outer curved surface of the air-passage 43. This air-passage is connected with a curved air-tube mounted in spring clips 61 projecting outwardly from the ear 49 and receives the air from the airtube 26 and discharges it-into the air passage will strike against the scalp and maintain thelatter in a cool condition during the use of the heating unit which creates the wave.

The heater is illustrated in detail in Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10,' and consists of a pair of oppositely disposed members hinge'dly coactingwith each other and each containing an electrical heating unit connected in series. One-half of one of these members is shown in sectional detail in Figure 9 in which it will be seen the body consists of a metal plate 62 that provides a handle member and extends laterally from an elongated portion 63 that is-crescent or segmental shape in cross section.

The curved portion .63 of the plate is so shaped that it will engage the bundle of hair wound upon the spindle after the spindle has been mounted upon the clamp 'in the A tween the members of a clamp and the latter I and the clip manner hereinbe'fore described. Alongside v or blocks 64 and 65 to receive one of the condu'ctor wires 68 that passesthrough the passageway 67 and is suitably connected to the heating unit.

The heating unit is of a laminated type and consists of strips of thin insulatingmaterial such as mica, the innermost strip 69 ofwhich lies against the adjacent surface of the insulating strip 70 is i 9 and 10. Thenext 'n the other strips and narrower'in width th curved plate 63 in theinia'n'ner shownin Figs.

has a coil of resistance wire 71jw1ound' in spiral form upon. it and'one end of wire 71 is connected with the conductor 68. A separating strip of insulating material 72 is placed over the coil of resistance wire 71 and is provided adjacent one end with an aperture 73 through which the conductor passes. The return conductor 74 passes through an aperture 75 in the opposite end of the strip 72 and extends toward the other end of the strip. A covering strip 76 of insulating material is placed over the return conductor 74 and it is provided at one end with apertures 77 through which the respective conductor wires pass. Outside of these insulating strips there is placed an asbestos sheet m and a cork cover 78, and the end and longitudinal edges of the curved plate 63 are turned over as at 7 9 and pressed down towards the plate to maintain the parts of the heating unit in assembly.

A plurality of cylindrical shaped hinge knuckles 80 are formed by stamping out portions of the plates 62 and 63. These knuckles 80 are alternately arranged on the respective members of the heating member and a pivot or hinge pin 81 passes through said knucklesto assemble two members in opposition to each other. A ll-shaped spring 82, the arms of which normally are urged away from each other is positioned with its arms against the respective plates or blocks 62 of the assembled heating member so as to urge the curved portions of these members toward each other in' order to provide means for clamping or holding the heating member on the strand of hair wound on the spindle 54. The heating member has a small tube 83 mounted upon one end by means of a holder bracket 84 and the end of this tube is inserted into the air pipe 26. When the heating member is assembled with the clamp, the other end of tube 83 will be inserted in the curved pipe projecting from and carried by the clamp. Thus connection is made with the air-current so that the latter is discharged against the scalp in the manner described.

Secured to the under or outer face of the plate 19, that forms a part of the air-chamber there is a circular plate of insulating material 85, and attached centrally to this msulating plate is a distributor plate86 from which a plurality of conductor wires lead from suitable binding screws 87 or the like. Beyond or outside the plate 86 and concentric therewith, is an annulus or ring 88 that is likewise provided with a plurality of binding screws,

89 to which conductors forming the other end of the circuit are connected.

Within the canopy or housing and outside the air-chamber there are two resistance elements 90 and 91 that are controlled by the snap switches 92 and 93 and 94 respectively that are positioned upon the canopy or housing by turn on either orvboth of these switches the amount of current passing to the fan-motor may be controlled and thereby memes the speed at which the fan is operated may be regulated so that the current of air is under the control of the operator at all times. It is the usual practice to start the fan with a moderate current of air flowing to the heater, but should this prove not suflicient for the particular person being treated the speed of the fan may be increased by manipulating the switches in the manner desired so that the fan may be rotated faster or slower in order to create a faster or slower current of air. The strand of air, after being wound upon the spindle and the latter assembled with the clamp, is given the usual treatment with the desired solution and is covered with a pad or mat of suitable material prior to the application of the heating member.

What I claim is:

1. A device of the kind described comprising a housing, electrical distribution devices therein and having conductors extending through the walls thereof that have remote ends beyondsaid housing, an air chamber within said housing, air tubes leading from said chamber through the housing to adjacent the remote ends of said conductors, a fan within said chamber, heating elements connected with the remote ends of said conductors, devices associated with said heating elements for holding strands ofhairs to be treated, and means connected to said devices and communicating with said tubes whereby a current of air is passed over scalp adjacent said devices.

2. A device of the kind described comprising a housing, electrical distribution devices therein and. having conductors extending through the walls thereof that have remote ends beyond said housing, an air chamber within said housing, air tubes leading from said chamber through the housing to adjacent the remote ends of said conductors, a fan within said chamber, heating elements connected with the remote ends of said'conductors, devices associated with said heating elements for holding strands of hairs to be treated, air-nozzles on the sides of said devices facing the scalp, and inlet pipes projecting beyond said devices and connected to the adjacent ends of said tubes, whereby currents of air are passed over the scalp at the strands of hair.

3. A hair waving apparatus comprising a clamp adapted to hold a strand of hair, a

winding spindle thereon upon which the strand is 'wound, an electric heatin device coacting with the wound strand, 2. liousing, an electric current distributor within said housing, conductors leading therefrom to said heating device, a fan within the housing for creating an air current, and air conduits leading from said housing with said conductors whereby a current of air is passed over the scalp. 4. p In a hair waving apparatus a hair clamp mamas comprising an end bracket, a pair of elongated members connected to and extending from said bracket and having relative movement with respect toeach other, one of said members provided with a channel in its edge facing the other member, a longitudinally disposed curved element on said other member a compressible gasket mounted in said channel and opposed by said curved element when said members are closed, a latch coactable with the free ends of said members, and means for causing a current of air to pass through said clamp.

55 In a hair waving apparatus a hair clamp comprising an end bracket, a pair of elongated members connected to and extending from said bracket and having relative movement with respect to each other one of said members provided with a channel in its edge facing the other member, a longitudinally disposed curved element on said other member, a compressible gasket mounted in said channel and opposed by said curved element when said members are closed, a latch coactable with the free ends of said members, means for causing a current of air to pass through said clamp, and a winding spindle arranged in coaction with said clamp upon which a strand of hair is wound.

6. In a hair waving apparatus a hair clamp comprising an end bracket, a pair of elongated members connected to and extending from said bracket and having relative movement with respect to each other, one of said members provided with a channel in its edge facing the other member, a longitudinally disposed curved element on said other member, a compressible gasket mounted in said channel and opposed bysaid curved element when said members are closed, a latch coactable with the free ends of said members, means for supplying'a current of air between said elongated members, bearings at opposite ends of said clamp, and a winding spindle rotatably mounted in said bearings.

7. In a hair waving apparatus a hair clamp comprising an end bracket, a pair of elongated members connected to and extending from said bracket and having relative movement with respect to each other, one of said members provided with a channel in its edge facing the other member, a longitudinally disposed curved element on said other member, a compressible gasket mounted in said when said members are channel and opposed by said curved element closed, a. latch coactable with the free ends of said members, means for supplying a current of air between said elongated members, bearings at opposite ends of said clamp, a winding spindle rotatably mounted in said bearings in ,close proximity to said curved element, and pawl and ratchet devices at one end of said clamp and spindle, whereby reverse movement of the spindle is prevented.

curved surface of said element, and a heating unit enclosing said spindle and the hair wound thereon, the said element and spindlev being so disposed with respect to each other that a strand of hair clamped between said element and one of the separable members will contact approximately aquadrant of the curved surface of said element in an arc curved in the opposite direction to the curve of the strand at the spindle.

9. In a hair waving apparatus a hair clamp consisting of a pair of separable members, a tubular element interposed between said members, a. rotatable winding spindle mounted adjacent said element, a cushion opposing the curved surface of said element, and a heating unit enclosing said spindle and the hair wound thereon, said element and spindle being disposed so that a strand of hair clamped between one of said members and said element andwound upon said spindle describes 3n S-curve between the scalp and said spin- 10. In a hair waving. apparatus a hair clamp consisting of an end element, a pair of separable members mounted on said element, there being a tubular passageway formed between said members, and one of CHRISTIAN H, MoINTIItE. 

